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PNG Projects in Northeast Asia
1. Natural Gas Demand Outlook in Northeast
Asia
The importance of the introduction of pipeline natural gas into
Northeast Asia lies not only in diversifying supply s ources but also in
providing price leverage for the region's consumers. Despite many
implementation problem's and Asian currency crisis, the introduction of pipeline
gas into this region is now no longer a matter of whether but when and how this
gas will be introduced. In 1997, Japan, China, and Korea of Northeast Asian
consumed 100.8 bcm of natural gas collectively as shown in table 1. By 2010, the
three countries will consume between 200 bcm and 302 bcm of natural gas, which
is two to three times the 1997 level; Japan expected to demand between 83 bcm
and 136 bcm. China between 80 bcm and 120 bcm, Korea between 37 bcm and 46 bcm.
2. PNG Projects in the Northeast Asia Region
1) The
Project "Sakhalin"
Drilling and development plans for two major
offshore Sakhalin Island development projects are advancing. Exxon Neftegaz
Ltd., operator of Sakhalin I project, recently revealed results from its 1997
operations, as well as i ts development plans for 1998. And the Sakhalin II
consortium has selected Arctic Pacific Contractors, to provide major project
management services. Both projects are off eastern Sakhalin Island in Sea of
Okhotsk in Russia's Far East.
2) The Project "Sakha-Gas"
The total recoverable reserves of natural gas in this region have
been assessed at 42.4 TCF out of the total rese rves of 78.8 TCF and annual gas
production is estimated at about 1.2 TCF. And a total of 30 fields have been
discovered in the territory of Yakutia. The proposed pipeline routes are
Yakutsk - Khabarovsk - Vladivostok Korea (total length - 5,653 km), and the
investm ent costs are expected to be approximately $20 billion. South Korea
and Russia agreed to conduct a joint feasibility study of developing natural gas
deposits in the Republic of Sakha. The contract for the prefeasibility study was
signed in November 1994 between Korea and Sakhaneftegas.
3) The
Irkutsk Project
The operator for realization of the Irkutsk project
is the regional company "Russia Petroleum". The pro ject bases on confirmed
stocks of Kovyktinskoe field located in north of Irkutsk region. The anticipated
stocks after th e additional exploration are supposed as 1.5 tcm. The project
decides problems of gas supply to the south of Irkutsk region in volume 9 bcm
annually. The agreement on construction of a gas pipeline from Irkutsk
region to China was signed on June 27, 1997. The agreeme nt is contracted
between ministry of fuel and power of Russia and Chinese national Oil and gas
corporation. The export d eliveries will compound 20-30 bcm of gas
annually.
4) Turkmenistan Gas Project
Turkmenistan natural
gas project is huge in its scope and will be carried on into the twenty-first
century. It is env isaged that the natural gas will be transported through a
newly constructed long-distance pipeline from Turkmenistan to as far as the east
coast of China. It will then either be liquefied and transported by LNG vessels
or transported by sub marine pipeline directly from the east coast of China for
sale in the Far East Asian market.
5) Krasnoyarsk Region
The potential resources of gas fields of Krasnoyarsk region about 15
tcm allow to finish a level of gas productio n in the given region up to 70 bcm.
The largest fields of this region are Yurubchenskoe and Sobinovskoe. The
location of these fields close to gas - bearing areas of Irkutsk region and
Republic of Sakha enables to consider them as one of pe rspective sources of gas
export to countries of Northeast Asia.
3. Multilateral Cooperation for Northeast Asian PNG
Projects
The uneven distribution of natural gas resources among the
Northeast Asian countries indicates that mutual benefits c an be derived from
natural gas development cooperation among the countries. Russia and China with
huge natural gas resou rces certainly need capital, technology and equipment for
their exploration and development, while Japan and South Korea with capital,
technology and equipment need to secure their energy supplies. Historically,
energy has been an object of competition. But the changing economic and
political environment in Northe ast Asia in recent years is encouraging
cooperation in natural gas development and making an important regional contribu
tion involving multilateral cooperation. In regard to recent development in
the Caspian Pipeline Consortium(CPC) in Europe have been achieved through
enduring negotiations by all players of the project. With regard this,
tremendous efforts are required like wise to develop the Northeast Asian gas
projects quicker. At p resent, there exist several non-governmental
organizations concerning PNG development in the Northeast Asia region, and their
activities have been energetic. In conclusion, East Siberia natural gas
resources offer huge potential benefits. Early development of these resources
will provide the region with a great opportunity for economic prosperity, energy
security, and environmental and potent ially political benefits. Multilateral
cooperation is instrumental for early realization of these benefits from
resource s development, although it will cost, time and much efforts.
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